The Rise of On-Chain Derivatives Perpetual decentralized exchanges (perpDEXs) processed $7.1 trillion in trading volume over the twelve months ending November 2025, representing 371% year-over-year growth. In November 2025 alone, monthly volume reached $1.17 trillion, reflecting the sector’s rapid maturation from experimental protocols to high-throughput trading venues. Figure 1: PerpDEX Daily Trading Volumes The volume […]

Blockchain scaling solutions have undergone continuous evolution in recent years. For some time, the prevailing view was that the two most viable paths to mass adoption were modular and monolithic architectures. In a modular approach, scaling would rely on rollups and data availability layers built around a single settlement layer. Alternatively, a monolithic design would […]