Most investors understand that you typically have to pay a premium price to buy good growth stocks. But shares of electric vehicle (EV) maker Tesla (NASDAQ: TSLA) are taking the premise to an extreme. The stock's currently priced at 200 times this year's projected earnings of $1.75 per share, and over 160 times next year's expected earnings of $2.16 per share. That's expensive by any standard, including in the technology sector.

The valuation (sort of) makes sense, though, when you understand what Tesla is in the process of becoming. Soon, it will no longer be an EV company that also makes and markets solar panels and energy-storage batteries. Instead, the plan is for it to be a robotics and robotaxi outfit that also manufactures electric vehicles. Investors are pricing the stock based on this hoped-for future rather than what the business is doing in the present. Here's what they need to know.

Comparing and contrasting

Although the company is winding down its solar roof tile business, it still makes and markets its own solar panels, as well as the energy storage equipment that makes these panels practical power sources. Moreover, EVs remain Tesla's biggest business -- accounting for $20.5 billion of its $28.2 billion in Q2 revenue -- and Tesla is still the second-biggest name in the global EV market, right behind China's BYD. Moreover, last quarter's year-over-year top-line growth of 26% suggests the company still has a little bit of magic left.

Its stock's price, however, has left the organization's fiscal results in the rear-view mirror.

Shares aren't expensive simply because Tesla is struggling to turn its revenues into profits, to be clear. The stock's also expensive by revenue standards, trading at 13 times trailing-12-month sales versus the S&P 500's trailing price-to-sales ratio of 3.7. For further comparison, the S&P 500 is currently trading at a trailing price-to-earnings ratio of 23.5 and a forward P/E of just under 20. Based on these numbers, Tesla trades at valuations between 4 and 10 times those of the average publicly traded company.

It's not like we've never seen something like this before, though. Sometimes, a company eventually grows into such steep valuations. Think Amazon, for example.

The market's pricing in growth that hasn't even started yet

Getting straight to the point, investors are pricing in a large amount of the future growth they expect from Tesla, as opposed to pricing the stock based on the business's current results. And there are two key components to this highly anticipated future. One of them is robotaxis.

Tesla's robotaxi ride-hailing venture, which at this early stage still relies largely on its Model Y vehicles, is up and running in a handful of markets. Its purpose-built Cybercab, however, represents the next generation of this venture's tech. Although the company has only rolled out a small fleet of Cybercabs in one market so far-- Austin, Texas -- it's reportedly planning to launch Cybercab-supported robotaxi services in a dozen states before the end of this year.

Although the development of these autonomous taxis has been agonizingly slow, once they're ready for wider-spread commercialization, the deployment is apt to happen fast. This will plug Tesla into a robotaxi market that Goldman Sachs expects to grow from nearly nothing now to $415 billion globally by 2035, with $48 billion of that being generated within the United States alone.

Image source: Tesla.

The other factor pumping up Tesla stock's premium valuation is arguably even more exciting. That's Tesla's entry into the AI-enabled humanoid robotics space. CEO Elon Musk suggested early this year that the company would be commercially selling its humanoid Optimus robots at scale by the end of 2027, and he hasn't said anything since to suggest that the timeline will have to be pushed back.

The commercial debut of these robots could be game-changing for the company -- not to mention the world -- in light of Musk's assessment that "Optimus will be not just Tesla's biggest product ever, but probably the biggest product ever." Although that remains to be seen, Barclays believes the market for humanoid work robots will grow to $200 billion annually by 2035. While even Musk concedes his company is facing stiff robotics competition from China, just capturing a healthy fraction of this potential business could be a boon for Tesla and its shareholders.

The growth Tesla needs from robots and robotaxis

So how much optimism about the robotics and robotaxi businesses are investors pricing in here? It's difficult to say for sure. But we can come up with a rough idea.

As it stands right now, Tesla is on pace to do on the order of $106 billion worth of EV, solar panel, and battery-storage business this year, en route to a top line of over $120 billion next year. How much more revenue would the company need to generate with robotaxis and Optimus to make its current $1.4 trillion market cap make sense? Even allowing for the type of premium valuation that many technology stocks achieve, Tesla would need a top line on the order of $300 billion to $400 billion for its current stock price to reflect a valuation in line with its peers. That's about 3 times its current sales, and most of that growth will need to come from robots and robotaxis rather than EVs and solar, as both of those businesses are now running into competitive headwinds.

Or if you want to look at the matter through the lens of earnings, Tesla's earnings per share would arguably need to quintuple -- at a minimum -- to justify the stock's current price. That would put its annual bottom line in the ballpark of $10 per share (or hopefully more) to bring the stock to a valuation that's closer to that of a typical technology company. It's likely that to deliver that type of earnings growth will take improving contributions from all of the businesses it's going to be in for the foreseeable future.

And that's just to justify the stock's price today. For Tesla shares to validly grow in value, the company will need even more top- and bottom-line growth than that.

The thing is, if the outlooks for the worldwide robotaxi and humanoid AI robot businesses are anywhere near on target, Tesla may well reach these lofty sales and earnings numbers -- eventually.

The difficult part for current shareholders and interested investors will be the waiting and the volatility stemming from the uncertainty. While Cybercab is reportedly almost ready for widespread commercialization and Tesla's Optimus robots are supposed to go into scaled-up commercial production before the end of 2027, don't forget that Musk has something of a penchant for underestimating time frames. That could leave things very unpredictable for this stock in the meantime.

James Brumley has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Amazon, Goldman Sachs Group, and Tesla. The Motley Fool recommends BYD Company and Barclays Plc. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.

When Space Exploration Technologies (NASDAQ: SPCX) debuted this past June, it drew significant investor attention. While the stock traded like a roller coaster in the early days, it has settled into a fairly narrow trading range over the past month. This makes now a great time to evaluate what the future could hold for this visionary company. At its current price of around $151, a $10,000 initial investment would buy you around 66 shares.

Over the next several years, SpaceX's growth will likely be driven by its AI computing leasing business and its satellite internet business, Starlink. SpaceX has been investing aggressively in building out its AI infrastructure, and it's basically created its own neocloud unit that rents out its excess compute power. As a bridge provider of compute power in a world with an insatiable appetite for it, SpaceX has been getting incredible short-term rates.

This is leading to strong returns for the business, with SpaceX saying it is getting a payback on its AI infrastructure investments in about a year. It recently signed a $1.1 billion per month compute deal, and said that it could potentially double the number of graphics processing units (GPUs) installed in its Colossus 2 supercomputer by year's end. Analysts see big upsides from these investments: Evercore projects that this investment could push SpaceX's AI solutions and infrastructure revenue to $83 billion in 2027, versus the $47 billion consensus. TD Cowen, meanwhile, projected that SpaceX will lease out up to 49% of its AI computing capacity through 2031.

Starlink also remains a growth driver. This is a great recurring revenue business, and it's growing quickly. Last quarter, the segment's revenue surged 66% year over year to $4.3 billion, while its number of subscribers doubled to 12 million. It continues to have a large opportunity, including in the consumer, enterprise (airlines and mobile partnerships), and government sectors.

Beyond these two businesses, the picture gets both murkier and more exciting. The company just completed the 14th test flight of its Starship rocket, which could be the gateway for it to generate significant other revenue streams, including from data center satellites in Earth orbit. It's also working with Nvidia on AI infrastructure that can withstand the rigors of space. The optionality of these potential ventures should keep the stock's valuation multiples high.

Image source: The Motley Fool.

What a $10,000 investment could be worth in 2035

By 2035, analysts anticipate that SpaceX will produce nearly $2.25 trillion in annual revenue and be highly profitable, generating adjusted earnings per share (EPS) of $41.24. Now, the further out you go, the more variables there are, and that is reflected in analysts' revenue estimates, which range from $1 trillion to slightly over $3 trillion.

When it comes to the question of how the market might be valuing SpaceX at that point, we can look to Musk's other public company, Tesla, for hints. In the first half of 2020, it traded at price-to-sales (P/S) ratios in the 3 to 8 range. Using the low and high ends of analyst revenue forecasts and Tesla's historical multiple range would value SpaceX at a market cap between $3 trillion and $24 trillion. Based on the $2.25 trillion consensus, meanwhile, it would be valued between $6.75 trillion and $18 trillion.

Given that SpaceX's future revenues will be highly dependent on it making considerable capital expenditures up front, we should assume there will be share dilution along the way. Let's assume the company's diluted share count will increase 1% a year (between capex and share compensation) to around 14.4 billion. That would value its stock at between $210 and $1,670 using the low and high ends of analyst estimates and Tesla's multiple. Using just the consensus revenue estimate, the stock would trade between $470 and $1,250.

That's a wide range, so if we want to just take the consensus and use a reasonable P/S multiple of 5, the stock would trade at around $780. That's over a fivefold increase from current prices, turning a $10,000 investment into around $51,500.

Now, SpaceX is going to have to execute, and there are a wide variety of outcomes, but it looks like this AI stock has plenty of long-term upside from here.

Geoffrey Seiler has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Evercore and Tesla. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.

Micron Technology (NASDAQ:MU) has been one of the best-performing stocks in the S&P 500 this year, as it plays a critical role in the growth of artificial intelligence and the infrastructure that powers the technology. Micron is the only major U.S.-based manufacturer of high-bandwidth memory that is needed for AI, and that's pushed Micron stock up more than 265% this year.

But following the company's earnings report for its fiscal fourth quarter of 2026, CEO Sanjay Mehrotra identified another fascinating growth opportunity for Micron -- robotics. To be specific, humanoid robots that utilize AI.

Speaking to analysts on the company's earnings call, Mehrotra cited the growth of physical AI through autonomous vehicles, which he says require more than 200 gigabytes of memory and multiple terabytes of storage.

"Humanoid robots are expected to have comparable memory and storage requirements to autonomous vehicles," Mehrotra said. "With the anticipated increase in both units and memory content, physical AI can become a significant driver of memory and storage demand by the end of this decade. Several physical AI customers are sampling our next-generation products, and we are increasing investments in our technology roadmap to ensure we are prepared to capitalize on this opportunity."

Image source: Getty Images.

Micron is already seeing huge increases in revenue and profits from growing demand from data centers. If growth in physical AI, such as robotics and autonomous vehicles, continues to increase, Micron could be looking at the beginning of a very long growth cycle.

About Micron stock

There are two major types of memory -- NAND, which is for long-term storage; and DRAM (dynamic random-access memory), which holds information for the short term. Think of it like this: your laptop needs DRAM to hold data while an app or program is running, and NAND holds data after your device is turned off.

DRAM provides fast access to the data that processors need, and high-bandwidth memory, a specialized form of DRAM, delivers the extremely high data-transfer speeds required by AI processors. Whether AI is operating in a data center or helping to power a robot, DRAM plays a critical role.

Revenue in the fiscal fourth quarter (ending Sept. 3) was $54.23 billion, up 379% from a year ago and 31% on a sequential basis. Micron reported net income of $37.7 billion, an increase of 1,077% from the previous year. Diluted earnings per share came in at $32.87 versus $2.83 per share last year.

Full-year revenue was $133.19 billion, up from $37.38 billion a year ago. Diluted earnings exploded to $74.33 per share, up from $7.59 per share in fiscal 2025.

Micron saw strong growth in all of its business units.

Source: Micron

"Micron delivered record fiscal 2026 results, and we expect an even stronger fiscal 2027," Mehrotra said. Management issued guidance for revenue between $60 billion and $63 billion for the first quarter of fiscal 2027. The midpoint would represent a 339% increase from Q1 2026, when Micron recorded revenue of $13.64 billion.

What do AI robots potentially mean for Micron?

According to Futurum Equities analyst Shay Boloor, the potential is large. In a post on X, Boloor noted that adding 200 gigabytes of DRAM -- the amount used by autonomous vehicles -- to humanoid robots is "effectively putting server-level memory into millions of machines outside the data center."

And robotics is not far-fetched. Tesla has huge plans for its Optimus robots, which CEO Elon Musk plans to make commercially available and capable of household chores, caring for children, and caring for the elderly. Tesla has shut down its Model S and Model X electric vehicle lines to ramp up Optimus production.

Humanoid robotics represents a potentially lucrative market for Micron, which is already seeing incredible growth for its memory products. That could extend Micron's growth window well beyond the current AI infrastructure build-out.

Patrick Sanders has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Micron Technology and Tesla. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.